Core Material Characteristics of Steel Structures

Excellent Mechanical Properties

1. High Strength: Steel has exceptional tensile strength. For example, the common Q355 steel boasts a tensile strength of ≥355 MPa, and its yield strength is significantly higher than that of traditional building materials like concrete and wood. This characteristic enables the construction of large-span, high-rise structures, such as stadiums and TV towers. It also effectively reduces the cross-sectional dimensions of components and reduces the overall weight of the structure.

2. Excellent Plasticity and Toughness: Plasticity refers to the ability of a material to undergo significant deformation before failure. Steel has an elongation of ≥20%. Toughness refers to the ability to withstand impact loads. In practical applications, this means that steel structures are less susceptible to sudden fractures when overloaded or subjected to sudden loads such as earthquakes. Their excellent deformation and energy absorption properties significantly enhance structural safety.

3. Stable Elastic Modulus: The elastic modulus of steel is approximately 2.06 × 10⁵ MPa. In the elastic phase, stress and strain exhibit a linear relationship, making its mechanical properties highly predictable. This facilitates structural design calculations and ensures that load transfer and deformation control strictly meet design expectations.