Force Analysis: Consider dead loads (such as deadweight), live loads (such as crowds, wind and snow), and earthquakes. Finite element software (such as ANSYS) should be used to calculate internal forces in components.
Stability Control: Slender components (such as compression columns) are prone to instability and failure. Stability should be improved during design by increasing the cross-sectional moment of inertia (e.g., using H-beams) and providing supports.
Joint Design: Joints should be stronger than the components to avoid failure before the joints do. Construction convenience (e.g., bolt hole positioning accuracy) should also be considered.
Corrosion and Fire Protection: - Corrosion Protection: Design the corrosion protection life (generally 5-15 years) based on the environment (e.g., increased coating is required in coastal areas with high humidity). - Fire Protection: Steel has a low fire resistance limit (approximately 0.25 hours). Fire resistance ratings should be increased through spraying fire-retardant coatings or wrapping with fire-resistant panels (e.g., steel structures in high-rise buildings require a fire resistance rating of at least 1.5 hours).
